Cognitive Psychology Free Essays

â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Cognitive brain research Cognitive psychologyâ is a subdiscipline ofâ psychologyâ exploring internalâ mental forms. It is the investigation of how peopleâ perceive, recall, think, talk, and tackle issues. Intellectual brain science varies from past mental methodologies in two key manners. We will compose a custom article test on Intellectual Psychology or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now * It acknowledges the utilization of theâ scientific technique, and for the most part rejectsâ introspection[2]â as a substantial strategy for examination †interestingly with such methodologies asFreudian brain research. It unequivocally recognizes the presence of inside mental states (such asâ belief,â desire,â idea,â knowledgeâ andâ motivation). In its initial years,â criticsâ held that the induction of psychological brain research was inconsistent with its acknowledgment of inner mental states. Notwithstanding, the kin field ofâ cognitive neuroscienceâ has gave proof of physiological cerebrum expresses that legitimately relate with mental states †accordingly offering help for the focal supposition of psychological brain science. [3] The way of thinking emerging from this methodology is known asâ cognitivism. Intellectual brain science has additionally impacted the zone of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) where the blend of subjective andâ behavioral psychologyâ are used to treat a patient. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- History Ulric Neisserâ coined the term â€Å"cognitive psychology† in his book Cognitive Psychology,â published in 1967[4][5]â wherein Neisser gives a meaning of psychological brain science portraying individuals as powerful data handling frameworks whose psychological activities may be depicted in computational terms. Likewise accentuating that it is a â€Å"point of view† that proposes the brain as having a specific reasonable structure. Neisser’s perspective enriches the order with a degree past elevated level ideas, for example, â€Å"reasoning† that different works frequently embrace as characterizing brain science. Neisser’s meaning of â€Å"cognition† outlines this well: The term â€Å"cognition† alludes to all procedures by which the tactile info is changed, diminished, explained, put away, recouped, and utilized. It is worried about these procedures in any event, when they work without pertinent incitement, as in pictures andâ hallucinations†¦ Given such a general definition, it is clear that cognizance is engaged with everything an individual may perhaps do; that every[6]â psychological marvel is a subjective wonder. Be that as it may, albeit intellectual brain research is worried about all human movement as opposed to some division of it, the worry is from a specific perspective. Different perspectives are similarly real and important. Dynamic brain research, which starts with thought processes instead of with tactile information, is an a valid example. Rather than asking how a man’s activities and encounters result from what he saw, recollected, or accepted, the dynamic therapist asks how they follow from the subject’s objectives, needs, or senses. Subjective brain science is one of the later increases to mental examination, having just evolved as a different zone inside the control since the late 1950s and mid 1960s after the â€Å"cognitive revolution† started by Noam Chomsky’s 1959 critique[7]â of behaviorism and experimentation all the more by and large. The inceptions of subjective reasoning such asâ computational hypothesis of mindâ can be followed back as early as Descartes in the seventeenth century, and continuing up to Alan Turingâ in the 1940s and ’50s. The intellectual methodology was brought to unmistakable quality by Donald Broadbent’s book Perception and Communicationâ in 1958. Since that time, the dominantâ paradigmâ in the zone has been theâ information processingâ model of comprehension that Broadbent set forward. This is a perspective and thinking about mental procedures, imagining them as programming running on the PC that is the mind. Speculations allude to types of information, portrayal, calculation or preparing, and yields. Applied to language as the essential mental information portrayal framework, psychological brain science has abused tree and system mental models. Its solitary commitment to AI and brain science by and large is the thought of aâ semantic arrange. One of the main subjective psychologists, George Millerâ is notable for devoting his vocation to the advancement of WordNet, a semantic system for the English language. Advancement started in 1985 and is presently the establishment for some machine ontologies. Along these lines of imagining mental procedures has plagued brain science all the more by and large in the course of recent decades, and it isn't remarkable to discover psychological hypotheses withinâ social psychology,personality psychology,â abnormal brain research, andâ developmental brain research. Truth be told, theâ neo-Piagetian hypotheses of subjective developmentâ have completely incorporated the formative origination of changes in thought with age withâ cognitive modelsâ of data preparing. [8] The use of intellectual hypotheses toâ comparative psychologyâ has driven numerous ongoing investigations inâ animal cognizance. The data handling way to deal with subjective working is as of now being addressed by new methodologies in brain science, such asâ dynamical frameworks, and theâ embodimentâ perspective. In view of the utilization of computational representations and phrasing, intellectual brain science had the option to profit enormously from the thriving of examination inâ artificial intelligenceâ and other related territories during the 1960s and 1970s. Truth be told, it created as one of the huge parts of the between disciplinary subject ofâ cognitive science, which endeavors to incorporate a scope of approaches in research on the brain and mental procedures Instructions to refer to Cognitive Psychology, Essay models Intellectual Psychology Free Essays Intellectual Psychology Brian Shrum Psy/360 April 11, 2013 Dr. Turner Cognitive Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus stated, â€Å"Psychology has a long past, yet its genuine history is short† (Goodwin, 2008, p. 28). We will compose a custom exposition test on Subjective Psychology or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now He was alluding to the conviction that while the investigation of human idea, feeling, and conduct is solidly dug in reasoning, brain science as its own order has just been around a brief timeframe. During this brief timeframe, various parts of brain research have come out, one of them is psychological brain science, which is just around 50 years of age. Subjective brain research develops different fields of brain science to additionally uncover why people act in the manner they do. This paper will characterize psychological brain research, investigate key achievements in its turn of events, and talk about the significance of perception as it identifies with subjective brain research. While human conduct has been seen since the beginnings of brain research, the various fields concentrated uniquely on noticeable practices. As opposed to that, intellectual brain science is a viewpoint that takes a gander at the psychological procedures engaged with human knowledge and conduct. These procedures incorporate reasoning, talking, seeing, memory, and critical thinking (Willingham, 2007). This field of brain research investigates the imperceptible idea of these procedures, and utilizations dynamic develops to all the more likely comprehend these procedures (Willingham, 2007). Intellectual brain science has developed from different fields of brain research, one of which is behaviorism. Behaviorism was a well known field of study during the early piece of the twentieth century. Some notable clinicians like Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner made their imprint during this behaviorist unrest. The behaviorist development was solidly established in the logical strategy and depended intensely on the perceptible activities. While behaviorism was a helpful apparatus in clarifying practices dependent on impulse and drives, it had a few enormous hold-ups in being valuable for people. To begin with, the majority of the analyses were finished utilizing non-human creatures, for example, Pavlov’s hounds, which had no genuine handiness in clarifying the parts of human knowledge. The second, and most dangerous inadequacy for behaviorism, was that it didn't watch, nor might it be able to clarify, human language, or inherent drives (Willingham, 2007). From these deficiencies, it became clear that pieces of the human mind must be considered, which is the place subjective brain research started to shape. Nonetheless, this deficiency has not been the main advancement to enable intellectual brain research to become what it is. The illustration contrasting the human brain with a PC was a major jump for subjective brain research. It permitted new unique plans to detail on how the human mind functions like a data handling focus (Willingham, 2007). The fundamental separate of this is tangible information offers approach to preparing, and from handling a conduct is picked and performed. This conduct could be inner or outer dependant on what the info requires. For example the PC at present being utilized to compose this paper is accepting contribution from the console. This data is interpreted as a lot of zeroes and ones, which are then yield to the screen as the letters being composed on the console. Consolidate this allegorical methodology with the beginning of innovation, explicitly neuroscience, and subjective brain science keeps on developing. Neuroscience has enormously helped psychological brain research develop. With the improvement of mind examining gear such EEGs, CT outputs, and MRIs intellectual therapists, and researchers, are better ready to see how the cerebrum

Gene and Daughter Cells free essay sample

Meiosis is the procedure by which cells isolate and make living animals. Without meiosis we can't have the procedure of mitosis, which is the procedure by which cells of tissue are made for living animals. At the point when meiosis happens 4 little girl cells are made, while just 2 are made in mitosis. With the production of 2 girl cells the new cells will be like the parent cell, however will have contrasts, as there more parent cells included. At the point when mitosis happens the little girl cells will be indistinguishable from the parent cell, since just 1 cell is included. Meiosis is required for sexual generation, while mitosis is required for general development, fix, and cell propagation of the body. The procedure of mitosis isn't engaged with any sex cell, and meiosis isn't associated with any cell except for sex cells. Since meiosis has more cells included (parent cells) this procedure has a couple of a greater number of steps than what mitosis does. We will compose a custom paper test on Quality and Daughter Cells or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are a few likenesses between the procedure of mitosis and meiosis. For instance the two procedures happen at the cell level. The two procedures share hereditary material from the parent cell to the girl cell. In end without meiosis we would not be made and in this way not need the procedure of meiosis, since cells would not have the option to shape. http://workforce. stcc. edu/BIOL102/Lectures/lesson9/stepbystep. htm http://utahscience. oremjr. snow capped. k12. ut. us/sciber00/seventh/hereditary qualities/sciber/think about. htm http://www. reference. com/theme/science/rundown of-similitudes among mitosis-and-meiosis W4A2 Mendel utilized arithmetic and experimentation to determine significant rules that have helped us get legacy. His thoughts were entirely unexpected than the clarification for entry of qualities from guardians to posterity that was normal to his time. Rundown and portray his standards and depict how each adds to hereditary changeability. In what capacity may science have be unique if his revelations had not been lost for a considerable length of time? Be set up to talk about the hugeness of Mendel’s disclosures to present day science. The four standards or laws that Gregor Mendel inferred are: Law of Unit Characters, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment, and Law of Dominance. The Law of Unit Characters is expressed as the hereditary character of a life form is controlled in units existing two by two. Mendel’s Law of Segregation expressed that alleles (one type of a couple) separate during propagation of the phone, consequently each regenerative cell contains just one duplicate of each combined unit factor. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states sets of chromosomes both contain a fatherly and maternal duplicate that are sifted through for circulation into some gamete. This Law in short terms implies that we can get qualities from one parent or the other, however not all attributes originate from one parent. We as a whole can think about specific attributes that we got from our mom, and in like manner our dad making all of us novel. The last Law of Dominance is the point at which one sets of alleles is coded for a particular quality is communicated while the other allele is unexpressed. The communicated allele is viewed as predominant, while the unexpressed allele is viewed as passive. This implies the prevailing quality will be passed on more regularly than the latent quality. A genuine case of this would be the quality for blue eye shading is passive, and the quality for earthy colored eye shading is prevailing, so there are more earthy colored looked at individuals than there are blue peered toward. Without Gregor Mendel a few families will be unable to have babies, yet thanks because of Mendel, in-vitro is currently ready to be utilized. Mendel even influences a portion of the nourishments we eat, with application to his thoughts researchers are presently ready to adjust leafy foods to last more, yet additionally to become bigger than at any other time. http://www. collinsdictionary. com/word reference/american/mendel-s-laws

Movie ticket pricing Essay Example for Free

Film ticket valuing Essay Family unit conduct shapes an intriguing zone of study for financial experts given that the human perspective engaged with creation of monetary choices by a family fluctuate a ton relying upon the view of a ware or administration in the market. This is done in the perspective on increasing a specific degree of utility just known to the purchaser. One such territory that has pulled in examination is the utilization and evaluating of film tickets and products sold in the cinemas. An article by Jennifer McNulty titled â€Å"Concessions on Movie Ticket Pricing? subtleties the stunts present in the estimating of film tickets and items, for example, popcorn crisps and soda pops sold in the cinemas. This paper basically examinations this article and talks about the monetary sense in the article in addition to a reflection all in all issue. Article survey In this article the author is stressed over the high charges of popcorn in cinemas than in standard shopping outlets. This she offers as the initial conversation starter in the article asking â€Å"why does popcorn cost such a great amount at the motion pictures? † She takes note of that in spite of the significant expenses, film goers are continually ready to follow through on the significant expenses charged for the popcorn as prove by â€Å"all the individuals remaining in line holding on to purchase popcorn, sodas, and candy†. The creator informs us of the discoveries of an examination by Stanford and the University of California, Santa Cruz that uncovers the stunt behind this thought. The discoveries show that charging lower costs for essential items for this situation film tickets and charging more significant expenses for auxiliary items for this situation popcorn, refreshments, peanuts and so forth drives the client into seeing the deal in the essential item and not the cheating in the optional item. This will consistently save interest for both high civility of low value tickets. The creator says â€Å"If you need to carry more purchasers into the market, you have to keep ticket costs lower to draw in them†. Items sold in cinemas are charged on concession premise in that there is an additional cost on the item as a â€Å"commission† to the seller. They account a great deal in term of income for cinemas as Jennifer says that â€Å"movie display houses depend on concession deals to keep their organizations viable†. The thought by Jennifer is that cinemas move some film charges to the concession merchandise. This at that point expands interest for film tickets and incomes high however benefits low. From the article we see that â€Å"Although concessions represent just around 20 percent of gross incomes, they speak to nearly 40 percent of theaters profits†. In this manner doubtlessly it is smarter to charge low costs for tickets so as film shoppers are made to accept that they have â€Å"saved† some sum on which they can spend on the concession products. Sadly, this is only a fantasy as the moviegoer closes spending more. Financial examination of the article The cinemas have pivoted their marketing prudence on the interest flexibility in light of value changes. They have noticed that a proportionate increment in the cost of film tickets prompts a more than proportionate drop sought after of film tickets. Accordingly we would state that interest for film tickets is flawlessly versatile to value changes. Then again, interest for concession products isn't influenced, according to the article by change in costs along these lines impeccably inelastic. By the by, we would ordinarily expect ideal some level of versatility when costs are expanded to impolite levels. This would likely power moviegoers to convey along items that they could have in any case purchased at the theater. From another financial point of view, we can say that there is a degree of complementarity between the film tickets and the concession products however it is uneven. This is a result of the way that concession merchandise will and must be devoured subsequent to buying a film ticket. Nonetheless, one can devour a buy/expend a film ticket without fundamentally buying any of the concession products at a bargain in the theater. For completely correlative products, it is difficult to expend one great without the other. In such cases, the cost and request of one influences the other. On account of film tickets and concession products, the interest for film tickets prompts a significant increment in the interest for the more beneficial concession merchandise. Sadly, interest for concession products doesn't in any capacity influence the interest for film tickets as a customer can utilize the film ticket alone without the concession great. Reflection Utilization of relaxation hours by families don't typically follow monetary standards saw in different merchandise and ventures. Family units connect levels of utility on relaxation hours as dictated by design patterns and culture. Purchasing and devouring merchandise, for example, popcorns and peanuts in the cinemas is something that has been sustained by today’s age and style. This is what is shown in the article in that there is no financial sense that can interface any supplementing viewpoint between concession products and film tickets yet only a formation of our general public. It is along these lines the cinemas that have benefited from this error to pick up benefits. I would actually imagine that the cinemas have prevailing with regards to making the best utilize a monetary chance and are making and actuating interest for in any case low selling items for the sake of concession merchandise. Along these lines, the article plays its motivation of illuminating the moviegoers regarding where they â€Å"cheated†. In monetary sense, the paper shows the intensity of versatility in real life.

My College Experience - 1176 Words

My first semester of college taught me the importance of balance. When I got to college, I thought life would be easy, especially when I learned that all classes were not mandatory. After the first day of classes, I had made the resolution to be relentless about my schoolwork and remain focused. However, I did not realize how many diversions there were in college. Every other weekend there was a party or even going on. At first, I remained diligent about my school work. I stayed in my room and did all of my readings and homework early so that I did not forget to do it. After a while, however, I began to envy my friends who had stories about how much fun they had at the parties. Therefore, after being in school for about three weeks, I†¦show more content†¦As the semester came to a close, I checked my grades, and I had a 3.0! I was elated! Part one: Vocabulary According to the passage, the word aspired means: To be To wish To work for To not want According to the passage, the word diligent means: Weak Focused Hard working Wishful A synonym for the word mandatory would be required. True False An antonym for the word feasible would be possible. True False According to the passage, alleviate means: To want To relieve To aggravate To escalate An antonym for ominous would be promising. True False A synonym for condone would be accept. True False According to the passage, the word esteem means: Help Respect Love Attention According to the passage, the word aloof means: Not Friendly Dark Dangerous Scary According to the passage, the word averse means: Against Warning Happy for Accepting of Part Two: Understanding the Passage What is the main point of the above passage? Teachers are mean to students. Partying is wrong. Students shouldn’t sacrifice class to party. None of the above Is the main idea of the passage implied or directly stated: Implied Directly Stated Which of the following is not a supporting idea: My first semester of college taught me the importance of balance. I stayed in my room and did all of my readings and homework early so that I did not forget to do it. Over the next few weeks, I started partying more than I went to class. As a result, I had to try to pull my grades back up. This passage usesShow MoreRelatedMy College Experience And My Experience In College922 Words   |  4 Pages When I walked into college for the first time I had various expectations. Some of which were good and some were bad. For instance, after listening to people talk about it, just the thought of going to college was terrifying to even contemplate, but then sometimes it would appear to be impossible. However, after experiencing college firsthand I can say that my expectation and the reality were quite different. Although it can be intimidating, an enormous amount of work, and a considerable amountRead MoreMy Experience Of My College Experience1571 Words   |  7 PagesCollege has been a different type of experience†¦ Throughout this essay I will explain just how different my life has been in my first semester of college by the things that I have learned about myself and my habits, as well as what my goals are and how exactly I will get to succeeding in those goals. While college is hard and may be a different it is definitely an experience that I have truly love having. College has taught me that my high school did not prepare me at all to go to college. WhenRead MoreMy College Experience In College763 Words   |  4 PagesGoing to college is a whole knew experience, and it can be scary to some freshman. Going to college can be a great experience or it can not be a great experience it all depends on yourself. Going to college may mean bad eating habits, or there may be a high level of stress. Going to college may mean that it is the first time to be away from home all on your own. There are many aspects of being a freshman in college, and One aspect that every freshman at a university experiences is living on theirRead MoreMy College Experience790 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is all of what you make it. You meet many new people, and see many faces. You will start new friendships, and possibly end some that you’ve had for a while; just know that it’s okay when it happens. Friends come and go, especially in this big transition. That’s what the college experience is, one big transition. Whether you are moving to a new city/state or even just moving down the street, college is a whole new chapter. It does pay off to be social in college, but you still need to haveRead MoreMy College Experience874 Words   |  4 Pagesof going off to college for the first time, made me a little bit nervous. Would my roommate and I get along, would I make new friends, would I find my way around campus, get to the right classrooms, and grades? Some of my most memorable moments have been meeting my roommate and making new friends. Not only have I met a number of new friends in the dorm, but also in my classes. Together, my new friends and I were soon able to find our way around campus and to the classrooms. College life has been suchRead MoreMy College Experience705 Words   |  3 PagesI had a lot of experiences in almost four months in USA. Be in college for the first time in my life is one of the most awesome for me. I’ve graduated in Brazil last year, and I was really excited to go to the college for the first time in my life, and for my surprise wouldn’t be in Brazil, but in USA. This made me feel a lot of feelings. I was nervous, excited, determined, etc. After all bureaucratic process, I finally started my flight and arrived here. I took the first day searching about theRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In College1021 Words   |  5 Pagesexpected people to be different, however, deep down I still expected everyone to be the same as the people from my hometown. Nevertheless, now that I have grown accustomed to the people here I have grown a love for my new community. I have learned to find beauty in every person I come in contact with and I am open to new things. I have started the path to learning how to love myself in my rawest form. North Carolina Central University has taught me a multitude of lessons over the course of one semesterRead MoreMy College Life Experience1121 Words   |  5 PagesMy college life experience started in 2016, when I finally decided what it was I going to become. College will not only help me with my own personal goals, but it will help with preparing for my future career. Marketing Mana gement is what I am studying for and I know a few things that I expect to learn while educating myself on this specific subject. There are, of course, many new things I am looking forward too when getting my diploma and degree. Once I receive my degree from Coastal Pines TechnicalRead MoreMy Experience At A Community College754 Words   |  4 Pagesworked in Higher Education, my passion and dedication in the field has been driven towards experiencing the growth and development of students. My tenure in the field began at a Historically Black College and University in which also happened to be my Alma Mata. Now 10 years later, I would never imagine that I would still be working in a position to help cultivate and develop the minds of our future leaders. My career thus far has allowed me to work at a Community College, where I have taken a keenRead MoreMy Experience At Spelman College878 Words   |  4 PagesIn my first reflection, I elaborated on my personal goals in relation to my experiences at Spelman College. I spoke about how those experiences have influenced my goals. Since then my goals have not changed, however I have become more determined to reach those goals. My overall determination stems from the fact that I am surrounded by a vast group of intelligent and talented women. My Spelman sisters push me to reach greater heights, and they encourage me to not just be mediocre. Therefore, the consistency

Social Order And Its Effect On Society - 1386 Words

Every day social order is taken for granted. Social order is related to social realities, which are shared expectations about a chain of events, the types of people involved and associated behaviors and feelings (O’Brien, 2011). It is not until someone violates these realities and interactional routines that they recognize the difference and become aware. For this reason, during the 1950s, Harold Garfinkel developed the breaching experiment; a breaching experiment is an activity used in social science to breach or violate common, taken-for-granted understandings and practices of everyday life in order to better understand it. This showed that reality maintenance requires a lot of interactional work. The objective of a breaching experiment is to disrupt normal procedures so that the process by which everyday life is constructed or reconstructed can be observed and studied. An example of one of the breaching experiments Garfinkel did, was when he asked students to spend time in their homes â€Å"acting† like boarders—asking permission, being polite and formal, etc. The results concluded that students reported family members who expressed shock, anxiety, embarrassment and anger towards their behaviors. Some of the implications of this is that it is important that people act in accord with commonsense assumptions with how they are supposed to behave. Therefore, we are all participants in the construction and maintenance of everyday cultural realities (O’Brien, p. 343-348, 2011).Show MoreRelatedSocial Orders And Its Effects On Society Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pageslike or where we originate from. Individuals have constantly realized that imbalance is divisive, socially destructive and comprised of multiple dimension. However, societies acceptance of inequality has developed a false sense of reality regarding equality, what is amazing, now that we have the information to think about social orders, is the way clear the impacts of imbalan ce are. 21st Century variations of systemic inequality echo’s inequalities of the past. Fifty years after the march onRead MoreThe Strange Cause Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1535 Words   |  7 PagesCause of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson can be effectively analyzed through the effects of social masks, and what the characters symbolize in order to convey a way to understand ourselves and the world, bring consciousness about self perception and the negative effects of social pressure. To start with, in the novella the characters represent aspects of our society s ideologies that influence the way we behave and think. For example, Stevenson writes, â€Å"from both sidesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics show that teens spend nearly 9 hours a day on social media websites, which is more than one-third of their day (Tsukayama). Social media, among teenagers and young adults, is quite popular. It is used on many different platforms and in so many ways which allows high schoolers to be constantly attached. Over the past decade, with the emergence of social media, the amount of time these websites consume from individuals has become greater and greater. Parents who have grown up in a differentRead MoreSociety s Perception Of Beauty1148 Words   |  5 PagesBeauty is a perception we hold in society as what is attractive or not. Our perception of beauty is a social construct, meaning that it is made through society throug h its depictions of beauty. In our society today, our perception of beauty is shaped through the media, since the media portrays specific standards of beauty that people feel they must follow. Although media portrays beauty across different races and ages, society’s perception of beauty is skewed towards a specific and established standardRead MorePolitical Order1635 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical order refers to a set of organizations, and a series of actions that enables the state to try and stabilize society to create a sense of order, therefore preventing social chaos. Political order and disorder are everywhere - we practice this on an everyday scale. Social Scientists try to connect the routine and micro-level effects of everyday lives, with the larger scale process of the State, which provides an institution for political order for society.This essay will examine and assessRead MoreSociety s Perception Of Beauty1193 Words   |  5 PagesBeauty is a socially construct ed perception regarding what is seen as attractive or not. Our perception of beauty, as stated previously, is a social construct, meaning that it is made through society and the people who are part of it. In our society today, our perception of beauty is shaped primarily through the media, since the media portrays specific standards of beauty that people feel they must follow. Although the media is perceived to portray beauty across different races and ages, society’sRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility On A Social Level1086 Words   |  5 PagesKirtan Bodawala September 27, 2014 E.Mylonas Eng. for Occupational Purposes Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand how a large progressive company operates in the corporate world as well as fulfills their corporate responsibility on a social level. While corporate responsibility is important, it is always viewed through the fiscal viability dimension of the maelstrom. The business case dominates the representation and operationalization of corporate responsibility. Due to the increasedRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pageswhich promoted a new scientific way of thinking (`The Enlightenment), heralded the advent of several new scientific disciplines. These social sciences attempted to explain the rapid and fundamental changes which were shattering traditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and sought to analyse the nature of society and the complexities within it using collective theories and perspectives. The construction of a sociological perspect ive can best beRead MoreEssay Human Nature and Proper Order1725 Words   |  7 PagesProper Order in Confucianism and as taught primarily by Mencius, the Chinese philosopher, is the conceptual theory that instructs how people can reach their highest potential of moral and material well being embodied in Mencius conception of human nature. The theory of proper order is the primary and philosophical means to that end. Although proper order may seem in many ways philosophically abstract, Mencius teachings of proper order in history have had lasting and tangible effects on modern EastRead More The Medium is the Message Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pages he says that â€Å"[t]he railway did not introduce movement or transportation or wheel or road into human society, but it accelerated and enlarged the scale of previous human functions, creating totally new kinds of cities and new kinds of work and leisure† (8). In other words, in addition to providing fast and available transport ation for people, the railway also fundamentally restructured society. People were able to travel, see new things, have new experiences, realize that there are people living

A Program For A Non Profit Telecommunications Company Essay

The view is truly breath-taking thirteen-thousand feet over the Delmarva Peninsula. Ten years of anticipation and organization had paid off, I went Skydiving and yes, I would go again. My thirst for adventure like my thirst for success has given me the desire to continue academic training. My undergraduate education has given me the ability to take on small tasks in the professional world as a Projects Coordinator for a non-profit telecommunications company. This company is young and has potential for growth, I believe the advanced knowledge of management theories and objectives will better equip me to evaluate proper growth strategies. Along with experience, academic advancement will help me to succeed beyond my current capabilities opening doors to higher levels of responsibility and compensation. Publically, I have taken on volunteer opportunities with local organizations that promote small businesses and community growth. I would like to become more involved with how these orga nizations promote community participation, developing timeframes and raise funds. Goucher College, Masters in Art Management curriculum, topics in organizational development, public participation, and fundraising align with my hunger to progress professionally. Additionally, Goucher’s campus community encompasses two of my biggest passions philanthropy and adventure. Form the Food Recovery Network to the Outdoors club I am excited to interact with philanthropic, courageous, professionals whileShow MoreRelatedA Program For A Non Profit Telecommunications Company1019 Words   |  5 Pagesadventure like my thirst for success has given me the desire to continue academic training. My undergraduate education has given me the ability to take on small tasks in the professional world as a Projects Coordinator for a non-profit telecommunications company. This company is young and has potential for growth, I believe the advanced knowledge of management theories and objectives will equ ip me to evaluate proper growth strategies. Along with experience, academic advancement will help me to succeedRead MoreAnalysis Of Verizon Communications Inc.1494 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis and Interpretation Organizations history: As a technology company, Verizon Communications Inc. has gained national recognition as being the #1 telecommunications network in America. This company has truly flourished, and expanded its services throughout the country, putting them in the lead of the telecommunications industry. Verizon started its true foundation in New York, but became incorporated in Delaware. 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Gary Soto free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences Essay, Research Paper Gary Soto # 8217 ; s Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences My determination to compose in response to Gary Soto # 8217 ; s work, ? Like Mexicans? was influenced for the most portion because of the similarities between myself and Gary Soto, and our households included. Gary Soto is a Mexican American male, who grew up in the San Joaquin Valley in the industrial portion of a town called Fresno. His grandparents came to this Great Valley in hunt of making a better life for themselves and their households. I am besides a Mexican American male who was born and raised in the San Joaquin Valley in a little town called Porterville. My grandparents migrated with their kids, my female parent, male parent, and their brothers and sisters in hopes of making a better life for themselves every bit good. At the clip economic improvement meant working as a hired slave for minimum income and maintaining your oral cavity shut. After all, you were nil more than a greaser who came to America to harvest her benefits. ( This farcical political orientation is still present today ) Gary Soto # 8217 ; s grandparents and my grandparents, although they ma y be a coevals behind one another, I am certain were exposed to many of the same adversities and or societal barriers. It was non uncommon back so as it is non uncommon today for Mexican households with minimum work accomplishments to be forced into the Fieldss to work with their kids aboard in hopes of get awaying poorness. For the most portion such households remained poverty stricken due to unjust and illegal rewards and work conditions. However irrelevant this all may sound, confronting similar adversities or obstructions will frequently make a sense of integrity among those who are affected by such conditions. In short, I feel that non merely do Gary Soto and I portion a common cultural beginning, but all that comes with our beginning, be it pride, shame, or political orientation. # 8220 ; Like Mexicans # 8221 ; is a short narrative in which Gary Soto is invariably being reminded that he should get married his ain sort. His ain sort being one of Mexican descent, and of poorness and forbearing from others, particularly? Okies? as his grandma used to ever state. Soto ends up get marrieding a Nipponese adult female, non a Mexican. But he still has to cover with his internal battle and credence of this pick. One can non be looked down upon for oppugning oneself and the determinations one makes, particularly when it comes to get marrieding after being raised in a family that reinforced the belief, ? Marry Your Own? . My female parent and my father neer told me that I should get married one of my ain. My female parent ever told me to make what of all time it would take to do myself happy. Now that I think about it, she did sometimes state me that I could run into a nice miss at church. ? Mijito, ? she ever began, ? Don # 8217 ; t you want to get married a nice miss? There are a batch of nice misss that go to church. How can you desire to get married a miss who will kip aroun neodymium? ? I was loath to state her that the nice miss # 8217 ; s parents were stating the same thing to them about me. Gary Soto # 8217 ; s female parent neer said excessively much to him in respects to get marrieding any one type of adult female in peculiar. ? If you find a good Mexican miss, marry her of class, ? ( page 696 ) she one time replied to him. She did nevertheless respond in a unreassuring mode and with vacillation when she realized that her boy was traveling to get married a Nipponese adult female. I was in love and their was no looking back. She was the 1. I told my female parent who was slapping beefburger into cakes. ? Well, certain if you want to get married her, ? she said. But the more I talked, the more concerned she became. ( page 697 ) I recall vividly when my female parent met Tanya, my married woman, for the first clip. She said that she liked Tanya, but that she didn # 8217 ; t believe she was truly my type. What so was my type? After get marrieding Tanya, I began to inquire if she was? Mexicana? sufficiency for me. After all, she was really broad, strong and unfastened minded. I think this is why my female parent used to state me she didn # 8217 ; t think Tanya was my type. My female parent reminds me of Gary # 8217 ; s grandma, really submissive, docile, your stereotyped Mexicana. Tanya didn # 8217 ; Ts like to cook, she was in no manner submissive, and was at times what my female parent would term as unlady like. Gary Soto # 8217 ; s grandmother believed that merely about everyone was an? Okie? if they were non Mexicans. Gary # 8217 ; s grandmother, although I am certain she wanted the best for him was really stereotyped. She one time once more reminds me of my female parent in this manner. Their failing in being stereotyped is about excusable and cunning. I believe it is more out of ignorance of others and there is no existent injury meant. One thing we must maintain in head as good, is the clip in which this narrative took topographic point and the exposure the grandma might hold had to others outside of her immediate household. My female parent lived a sheltered life and truly neer had the chance to be exposed to the existent universe. My female parent had a wont of seeking to do me believe that kids who did non obey their parents were in general bad kids. Parents were the godly authorization and should neer be questioned, since they are the parents they ever know what # 8217 ; s best. This was at least what my female parent was taught by her female parent and can you fault her for inheriting su ch an political orientation. For he R, everyone who wasn’t Mexican, black, or Asiatic were Okies. The Gallic were Okies, the Italians in suits were Okies. When I asked about the Jews, whom I had read about she asked for a image. I rode place on my bike and returned with a calendar picturing the of import races of the universe. ? Pues Si, boy Okies tambien! ? ( page 696 ) I besides found Gary # 8217 ; s Soto # 8217 ; s grandmother amusing because she would laughably lump people together. This nevertheless is easier than seeking to acknowledge each and every different cultural group that exist on the face of the Earth, but it is our differences that frequently make us so alone. One peculiar portion in this short narrative that truly disturbed me, was the fact that Gary and his friend Scott at a immature age could do the differentiation among their different cultural groups. By this I mean that there was an recognition that both Gary and his friend Scott came from different ethnicity groups and should therefore maintain within their groups when sing get marrieding. Couples frequently marry those of the same cultural individuality for a sense of acquaintance. One may besides desire to pass their life with an person who portions the same cultural political orientation. This shared political orientation could be political, spiritual, economic etc. A shared or common political orientation reduces struggle and creates a sense of integrity. Marriage after all is purportedly the act of two people unifying for the remainder of their lives. I would non be a spot surprised if Scott at the same clip was being reinforced by household members or equals that he excessively should remain among his ain people. ? No discourtesy, Scott, ? I said with an orange piece in my oral cavity, ? but I would neer get married an Okie? We walked in measure about touching, with a sleigh of shadows behind us. ? No discourtesy, Gary, ? Scott said, ? but I would neer get married a Mexican. ? ( page 696 ) I frequently have similar conversations with my good friend and housemate Adrian, in which I frequently find myself believing that I should get married a good Mexicana. I haven # 8217 ; t been reinforced by household to this political orientation. I think it is due more towards the defeat I have with our societal construction. I have the sense that I could associate better to person of common descent. Person who has endured the same hurting and or confusion of 1s ain peculiarity, societal category, ethnicity, etc.. I can candidly see myself populating the remainder of my life with a individual who is? Other? than white. However incorrect or contradictory it may sound, my feelings are such. I felt that Gary and Scott shouldn # 8217 ; Ts have felt the manner they did about get marrieding their ain, yet I shared the same feelings. I believe in the pride of 1s ain heritage and descent but I besides believe in a diversified universe. I frequently tell people that every bit long as you love an single their ethnicity should hold no significance. I now have to inquire myself whether or non I truly b elieve that. It # 8217 ; s really confounding for me, as I am certain Gary was confused. Gary is slightly loath at first to travel to his hereafter female parent in jurisprudence # 8217 ; s house with his bride-to-be Carolyn, but subsequently is relieved upon his find. When we pulled into the thrust, I panicked and begged Carolyn to do a Uracil bend and travel back so we could speak about it over sodium carbonate. She pinched my cheek naming me a? Silly Boy. ? I felt better though when I got out of the auto and proverb the house: the chipped pigment, a cracked window, boards for a walk to the dorsum door. There were corroding autos near the barn. A tractor with a cyberspace of spiderwebs under a mulberry. A field, a bale of biting wire like kids # 8217 ; s scrabbling tilting against an empty poulet henhouse. ( page 697 ) Gary Soto # 8217 ; s find of his bride-to-be and her household was that they were similar to Mexicans. ? These people were merely similar Mexicans, I thought. Poor people. ? ( page 698 ) Of class non all Mexicans are hapless, but a big per centum of the Mexican population do hold to get the better of many more obstructions and adversities, such as racism and favoritism in order to prolong the tantamount societal position of a in-between category Caucasian group. ? On the main road, I felt happy, pleased by it all. I patted Carolyn # 8217 ; s thigh. Her people were similar Mexicans, merely different. ? ( page 698 ) Asiatic immigrants are subjected to many of the same societal and economic barriers as are Mexicanos who migrate from Mexico. They are frequently wrongfully perceived as a group of people who are coming to take advantage of an economically rich system. ( Our economic system may look plentiful in comparing to their economic system back place ) They are hence looked upon as? The Other? and are treated as such. Gary Soto at the terminal of this short narrative I believe overcame his ego oppugning of whether or non Carolyn was right for him. It is a shame that one is socially conditioned so much that he or she would hold to warrant their cogency and wanting of another human being. I suspect that this is merely merely another characteristic out of a million that has evolved out of a complex societal order. It saddens me sometimes to believe that I frequently believe that there are people for me and people that are non for me. In actuality, there are no regulations to relationships that determine who one ought to get married. These are all what I will term societal restraints.

11 Blue Men Essay Research Paper Eleven free essay sample

11 Blue Men Essay, Research Paper Eleven Blue Men Astatine ABOUT EIGHT O # 8217 ; CLOCK on Monday forenoon, September 25, 1944, a ragged, aimless old adult male of 82 collapsed on the pavement on Dey Street near the Hudson Terminal. Countless people must hold noticed him, but he lay there entirely for several proceedingss, dazed, doubled up with abdominal spasms, and in an torment of vomiting. Then a police officer came along. Until the policeman set over the old adult male, he may hold supposed that he had merely a ill rummy on his custodies ; roamers dropped by drink are common in that portion of town in the early forenoon. It was non an sentiment that he could hold held for long. The old adult male # 8217 ; s nose, lips, ears, and fingers were azure. The policeman went to a telephone and set in an ambulance call to Beekman-Downtown Hospital, half a twelve blocks off. The old adult male was carried into the exigency room at that place at eight-thirty. We will write a custom essay sample on 11 Blue Men Essay Research Paper Eleven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By that clip, he was unconscious and the blueness had spread over a big portion of his organic structure. The analyzing doctor attributed the old adult male # 8217 ; s morbid colour to cyanosis, a status that normally consequences from an deficient supply of O in the blood, and besides noted that he was diarrheal and in a terrible province of daze. The class of intervention prescribed by the physician was conventional. It included an instant gastric lavage, bosom stimulations, bed remainder and O therapy. Soon, the old adult male recovered an encouraging, if painful consciousness and demanded, irascibly and in the name of God, to cognize what had happened to him. It was a inquiry that, at the minute, cipher could reply with much assurance. For the immediate record, the physician made a freehand diagnosing of C monoxide poisoning # 8211 ; from what beginning, whether an car or a gas pipe, it was, of class, pointless even to think. Then because an stray case of gas toxic condition is something of a rareness in a subdivision of the metropolis as crammed with human existences as downtown Manhattan, he and his co-workers in the exigency room braced themselves for at least a twosome more victims. There foresight was quickly and liberally rewarded. A 2nd adult male was rolled in at ten-twenty-five. Forty proceedingss subsequently, an ambulance drove up with three more work forces. At eleven-twenty, two others were brought in. An extra two arrived during the following 15 proceedingss. Around midday, still another was admitted. All of these nine work forces were besides aged and dilapidated, all had been in wretchedness for at least an hr, and all were stiff, cyanotic, and in a province of daze. The full organic structure of o ne, a bony, seventy-three-year-old lunger named John Mitchell, was bluish. Five of the nine, including Mitchell, had been stricken in the Globe Hotel, a sunless, upstairs dosshouse at 190 Park Row, and two in a similar topographic point, called the Star Hotel at 3 James Street. Another had been found slumped in the room access of a condemned edifice on Park Row, non far from City Hall Park, by a police officer. The 9th had keeled over in forepart of the Eclipse Cafeteria, at 6 Chatham Square. At a one-fourth to seven that flushing, one more elderly blue adult male was brought in. He had been lying, excessively ill to inquire for aid, on his fingerstall in a cell at the Lion Hotel, another dosshouse, at 26 Bowery, since ten o # 8217 ; clock that forenoon. A clerk had eventually looked in and seen him. By the clip this last bluish adult male arrived at the infirmary, an probe of the instance by the Department of Health, to which all eruptions of an epidemiological nature must be reported, had been under manner for five hours. Its findings therefore far had non been lighting. The probe was conducted by two work forces. One was the Health Department # 8217 ; s main epidemiologist, Dr. Morris Greenberg, a little, delicate, brooding adult male of 57, who is now moving manager of the Bureau of Preventable Diseases ; the other was Dr. Ottavio Pellitteri, a field epidemiologist, who since 1946, has been administrative medical inspector for the Bureau. He is 36 old ages old, pale, and compact, and has a bristling black moustache. One twenty-four hours, when I was in Dr. Greenberg # 8217 ; s office, he and Dr. Pellitteri told me about the instance. Their remembrance of it is, intelligibly vivid. The derelicts were the victims of a type of poisoning so rare that merely ten old eruptions of it had been recorded in medical literature. Of these, two were in the United States and two in Germany ; the others had been reported in France, England, Switzerland, Algeria, Australia, and India. Up to September 25, 1944, the largest figure of people stricken in a individual eruption was four. That was in Algeria in 1926. The Beekman-Downtown Hospital telephoned a study of the happening to the Health Department merely earlier noon. As is customary, transcripts of the study were sent to all the Department # 8217 ; s administrative officers. # 8220 ; Mine was on my desk so I got back from tiffin, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said to me. # 8220 ; It didn # 8217 ; t sound like much. Nine individuals believed to be enduring from carbon-monoxide toxic condition had been admitted during the forenoon, and all of them said they had eaten breakfast at the Eclipse Cafeteria at 6 Chatham Square. Still, it was a occupation for us. I checked with the clerk who handles assignments and found that Pellitteri had gone out on it. That was all I wanted to cognize. If it had amounted to anything, I knew he # 8217 ; d phone me before doing a written study. That # 8217 ; s as agreement we have here. Well a twosome of hours subsequently I got a call from him. My involvement perked right up. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I was at the infirmary, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri told me, # 8220 ; and I # 8217 ; vitamin D talked to the staff and most of the work forces. There were 10s of them by so, of class. They were ill as Canis familiariss, but merely one was in truly bad shape. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; That was John Mitchell, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg put in. # 8220 ; He died the following dark. I understand his status was hopeless from the start. The others, including the old male child who came in last, pulled through all right. Excuse me, Ottavio, but I merely thought I # 8217 ; d acquire that out of the manner. Go on. # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri nodded. # 8220 ; I wasn # 8217 ; t at all convinced that it was gas toxic condition, # 8221 ; he continued. # 8220 ; The staff was get downing to doubt it, excessively. The symptoms weren # 8217 ; t rather right. There didn # 8217 ; t seem to be any of the concern and general dopiness that you get with gas. What truly made me leery was this: Merely two or three of the work forces had eaten breakfast in the cafeteria at the same clip. They had straggled in all the manner from seven Os # 8217 ; clock to ten. That meant that the topographic point would hold had to be full of gas for at least three hours, which is absurd. It besides indicated that we ought to hold had a batch more ill people than we did. Those Chatham Square eating topographic points have a large turnover. Well to do certain, I checked with Bellevue, Gouverneur, St Vincent # 8217 ; s and the other downtown infirmaries. None of them had seen a hint of cyanosis. Then I talked to the ill work forces s ome more. I learned two interesting things. One was that they had all got ill right after eating. Within 30 proceedingss. The other was that all but one had eaten oatmeal, axial rotations, and java. He ate merely oatmeal. When 10 work forces eat the same thing in the same topographic point on the same twenty-four hours and so come down with the same unwellness # 8230 ; I told Greenberg that my intuition was nutrient poisoning. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I was willing to govern out gas, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said. A booklet incorporating informations on the instance lay on the desk before him. He lifted the screen thoughtfully, so allow it drop. # 8220 ; And I agreed that the burgoo sounded reasonably leery. That was every bit far as I was willing to travel. Common, ordinary, mundane nutrient poisoning # 8211 ; I gathered that was what Pellitteri had in head # 8211 ; wasn # 8217 ; t a really hearty reply. For one thing, cyanosis is barely diagnostic of that. On the other manus, diarrhoea and terrible emesis are, about constantly. But they weren # 8217 ; T in the clinical image, I found, except in two or three of the instances. Furthermore, the incubation periods # 8211 ; the clip oversight between eating and illness # 8211 ; were highly short. As you most likely know, most nutrient toxic condition is caused by eating something that has been contaminated by bacteriums. The usual wrongdoers are the staphylococcus # 8211 ; they # 8217 ; re largely responsible furuncles and skin infections and so on # 8211 ; and the salmonella. The latter are related to the typhoid being. In a staphylococci instance, the first symptoms seldom develop in under two hours. Often, it # 8217 ; s closer to five. The incubation period in the other scopes from 12 to 36 hours. But here we were with something that hit in 30 proceedingss or less. Why, one of the work forces had got merely every bit far as the pavement in forepart of the cafeteria before he was knocked out. Another fact that Pellitteri bad dug up smitten me as really important. All of the work forces told him that the unwellness had come on with extraordinary abruptness. One minute they were experiencing all right, and the following minute they were practically incapacitated. That was another point against the ordinary food-poisoning theory. Its oncoming is neer that fast. Well, that abruptness began to look like a lead. It led me to surmise that some dr ug might be to fault. A speedy and sudden reaction is characteristic of a great many drugs. So is the combination of cyanosis and shock. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; None of the work forces were on pot, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri said. # 8220 ; I told Greenberg I was certain of that. Their pleasance was booze. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; That was O.K. , # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said. # 8220 ; They could hold got a toxic dosage of some drug by accident. In the burgoo most likely. I couldn # 8217 ; t assist thought that the burgoo was relevant to our job. At any rate, the drug thought was really persuasive. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; So was Greenberg, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri remarked with a smiling. # 8220 ; Actually, it was the lone account in sight that seemed to account for everything we knew about the clinical and environmental picture. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; All we had to make now was turn out it, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg went on mildly. # 8220 ; I asked Dr. Pellitteri to acquire a blood sample from each of the work forces before go forthing the infirmary for a expression at the cafeteria. We agreed he would direct the specimens to the metropolis toxicologist, Dr. Alexander O. Gettler, for an nightlong analysis. I wanted to cognize if the blood contained methemoglobin. Methemoglobin is a compound that # 8217 ; s formed when any one of several drugs enters the blood. Gettler # 8217 ; s study would state us if we were on the right path. That is, it would give us a yes- or-no reply on drugs. If the reply was yes, so we could travel on from there to place the peculiar drug. How we could travel about that would depend on what Pellitteri was able to turn up at the cafeteria. In the interim, there was nil for me to make but wait for their study. I # 8217 ; d theorized myself hoarse. # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri, holding attended to his bloodletting with sensible despatch, reached the Eclipse Cafeteria at around five O # 8217 ; clock. # 8220 ; It was about what I # 8217 ; vitamin D expected, # 8221 ; he told me. # 8220 ; Strictly a Equus caballus market, and dirtier than most. The kind of topographic point where you can acquire a full repast for 15 cents. There was a swot house on one side, a cigar shop on the other, and the # 8216 ; L # 8217 ; overhead. By the way, the Eclipse went out of concern a twelvemonth or so after I was at that place, but that had nil to make with us. It was merely a happenstance. Well, the topographic point looked and the door was locked. I knocked, and a adult male came out of the dorsum and allow me in. He was one of our people, a wellness inspector for the Bureau of Food and Drugs named Weinberg. His agency had stepped into the instance as a affair of modus operandi, because of the mention to a eating house in the presentment study. I was glad to see him and to hold his aid. For one thing, he had put a impermanent trade stoppage on everything in the cafeteria. That’s why it was closed up. His chief occupation, though, was to look into the topographic point for misdemeanors of the sanitation codification. He was happening plenty.† # 8220 ; Let me read you a few of Weinberg # 8217 ; s findings, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said, pull outing a paper from the booklet on his desk. # 8220 ; None of them had any direct bearing on our job, but I think they # 8217 ; ll give you a good thought of what the Eclipse was like # 8211 ; what excessively many eating houses are like. This transcript of his study lists fifteen specific misdemeanors. Here they are: `Premises to a great extent infested with roaches. Fly infestation throughout premises. Floor faulty in rear portion of dining room. Kitchen walls and ceiling encrusted with lubricating oil and carbon black. Kitchen floor encrusted with soil. Refuse under kitchen fixtures. Sterilizing installations inadequate. Sink faulty. Floor and walls at functioning tabular arraies and java urns encrusted with soil. Kitchen utensils encrusted with soil and lubricating oil. Storage-cellar walls, ceiling, and floor encrusted with soil. Floor and shelves in cellar covered with garbag e and useless stuff. Cellar ceiling defective. Sewer pipe leaking. Open sewer line in cellar. # 8217 ; Well # 8230 ; # 8221 ; He gave me a dainty smiling and stuck the paper back in the booklet. # 8220 ; I can see it now, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri said. # 8220 ; And smell it. Particularly the kitchen, where I spent most of my clip. Weinberg had the owner and the cook out at that place, and I talked to them while he prowled around. They were really concerted. Naturally. They were scared to decease. They knew nil about gas in the topographic point and there was no mark of any, so I went to work on the nutrient. None of what had been prepared for breakfast that forenoon was left. That, of class would hold been excessively much to trust for. But I was able to acquire together some of the sort of material that had gone into the work forces # 8217 ; s breakfast, so that we could wake a chemical finding at the Department. What I took was ground java, sugar, a mixture of evaporated milk and H2O that passed for pick, some bakeshop axial rotations, a five-pound carton of dry burgoo and some salt. The salt had been used in fixing the burgoo. That forenoon, like every forenoon, the co ok told me, he had prepared six gallons of burgoo, plenty to function about a 100 and 25 people. To do it, he used five lbs of dry cereal, four gallons of H2O # 8211 ; regular metropolis H2O # 8211 ; and a smattering of salt. That was his term # 8211 ; a smattering. There was an unfastened gallon can of salt standing on the range. He said the smattering he # 8217 ; vitamin D put in that forenoon # 8217 ; s burgoo had come from that. He refilled the can on the range every forenoon from a large supply can. He pointed out the large can # 8211 ; it was up on a shelf # 8211 ; and as I was acquiring it down to take with me, I saw another can, merely like it nearby. I took that one down, excessively. It was besides full of salt, or, instead, something that looked like salt. The owner said it wasn # 8217 ; t salt. He said it was saltpetre # 8211 ; Na nitrate that he used in corning beef and in doing pastrami. Well, there isn # 8217 ; t any injury in potassium nitrate ; it doesn # 8217 ; t even move as an anti-aphrodisiac, as a batch of people seem to believe. But I wrapped it up with the other booty and took it along, merely for merriment. The fact is, I guess, everything in that damn topographic point looked like poison. # 8221 ; After Dr. Pellitteri had deposited his booty with a Health Department chemist, Andrew J. Pensa, who promised to hold a study ready by the undermentioned afternoon, he dined hastily at a eating house is which he had assurance and returned to Chatham Square. There he spent the eventide doing the unit of ammunitions of the housing houses in that vicinity. He had heard at Mr. Pensa # 8217 ; s office that an 11th blue adult male had been admitted to the infirmary, and before traveling place he wanted to do certain that no other victims had been overlooked. By midnight holding covered all the likely topographic points and holding rechecked the business district infirmaries, he was satisfied. He repaired to his office and composed a formal advancement study for Dr. Greenberg. Then he went place and to bed. The following forenoon, Tuesday, Dr. Pellitteri dropped by the Eclipse, which was still closed but whose owner and staff he had told to return fn oppugning. Dr. Pellitteri had another talk with the owner and the cook. He besides had a few inconclusive words with the remainder of the cafeteria # 8217 ; s employees # 8211 ; two dish washers, a waiters assistant, and a counterperson. As he was go forthing, the cook, who had seemingly passed an uneasy dark with his scruples, remarked that it was possible that he had absent-mindedly refilled the salt can on the range from the 1 that contained saltpetre. # 8220 ; That was interesting, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri told me, # 8220 ; even though such a possibility had already occurred to me, and even though I didn # 8217 ; t know whether it was of import or non. I assured him that he had nil to worry approximately. We had been certain all along that cipher had intentionally poisoned the old men. # 8221 ; From the Eclipse, Dr. Pellitteri wan t on to Dr. Greenberg # 8217 ; s office, where Dr. Gettler # 8217 ; s study was waiting. # 8220 ; Gettler # 8217 ; s trial for methemoglobin was positive, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said. # 8220 ; It had to be a drug now. Well, so far so good. Then we heard from Pensa. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Greenberg about fell out of his chair when he read Pensa # 8217 ; s study, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri observed cheerfully. # 8220 ; That # 8217 ; s an hyperbole, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m non easy dumbfounded. We # 8217 ; rhenium inured to the unbelievable around here. Why, a twosome of old ages ago we had a instance affecting some numbskull who stuck a handful of potassium-thiocyanate crystals, a really awful toxicant, in the spirals of an office H2O ice chest, merely for a practical gag. However, I can # 8217 ; t deny that Pensa instead taxed our credulity. What he had found was that the little can and the 1 that was supposed to be full of Na nitrate both contained Na nitrite. The other nutrient samples, by the way, were O.K. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; That taxed my credulity, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri said. Dr. Greenberg smiled. # 8220 ; There # 8217 ; s a great trade of difference between nitrate and nitrite, # 8221 ; he continued. # 8220 ; Their lone similarity, which is an unfortunate one, is that they both and gustatory sensation more or less like ordinary tabular array salt. Sodium nitrite International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t the most powerful toxicant in the universe, but a small of it will make a batch of injury. If you remember, I said that this instance was about without case in point # 8211 ; merely ten eruptions like it on record. Ten is practically none. In fact, sodium-nitrite toxic condition is so unusual that some of the standard texts on toxicology Don # 8217 ; t even reference it. So Pensa # 8217 ; s study was reasonably startling. But we accepted it, of class, without inquiry or vacillation. Facts are facts. And we were glad to. It seemed to explicate everything really nicely. What I # 8217 ; ve been stating about sodium-nitrite toxic condit ion doesn # 8217 ; t intend that Na nitrite itself is rare. Actually, it # 8217 ; s reasonably common. It # 8217 ; s used in the industry of dyes and as a medical drug. We use it in handling certain bosom conditions and for high blood force per unit area. But it besides has another of import usage, one that made its presence at the Eclipse sound plausible. In recent old ages, and peculiarly during the war, sodium-nitrite has been used as a replacement for Na nitrate in continuing meat. The authorities permits it but stipulates that the finished meat must non incorporate more than one portion of Na nitrite per five 1000 parts of meat. Cooking will safely destruct sufficiency of that little measure of the drug, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg shrugged. # 8220 ; Well Pellitteri had had the cook pick up a smattering of salt # 8211 ; the same sum, every bit about as possible, as went into the burgoo # 8211 ; and so had taken this to his office and found that it weighed about a 100 gm. So w e didn # 8217 ; Ts have to believe twice to recognize that the proportion of nitrite in that batch of cereal was well higher than one to five 1000. Approximately, it must hold been around one to about 80 before cooking destroyed portion of the nitrite. It surely looked as though Gettler, Pensa, and the cafeteria cook between them had given us the reply. I called up Gettler and told him what Pensa had discovered and asked him to run a specific trial for nitrites on his blood samples. He had, as a affair of class, held some blood back for later scrutiny. His verification came through is a twosome of hours. I went place that dark experiencing reasonably good. # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg # 8217 ; s repose was a fleeting 1. He awoke on Wednesday forenoon troubled in head. A inquiry had occurred to him that he was unable to disregard. # 8220 ; Something like a hundred and 25 people ate burgoo at the Eclipse that forenoon, # 8221 ; he said to me, # 8220 ; but merely eleven of them got ill. Why? The undeniable fact that those 11 old work forces were made ill by the consumption of a toxic dosage of Na nitrite wasn # 8217 ; t adequate to rest on. I wanted to cognize precisely how much Na nitrite each part of that cooked burgoo had contained. With Pensa # 8217 ; s assist once more, I found out. We prepared a batch merely like the one the cook had made on Monday. Then Pensa measured out six ounces, the size of the mean part served at the Eclipse, and analyzed it. It contained two and a half grains of Na nitrite. That explained why the hundred and fourteen other people did non go ailment. The toxic dosage of Na nitrite is three grains. But it didn # 8217 ; t explicate how each of our 11 had received an extra half-grain. It seemed highly improbable that the excess touch of nitrite had been in the burgoo when it was served. It had to come in subsequently. Then I began to acquire a gleam. Some people sprinkle a small salt, alternatively of sugar, on hot cereal. Suppose, I thought, that the waiters assistant, or whoever had the occupation of maintaining the tabular array salt Shakerss filled, had made the same error that the cook had. It seemed plausible. Pellitteri was out of the office # 8211 ; I # 8217 ; ve bury where # 8211 ; so I got Food and Drugs to step over to the Eclipse, which was still under trade stoppage, and convey back the Shakerss for Pensa to work on. There were 17s of them, all good-sized one for each tabular array. Sixteen contained either pure Na chloride or merely a few inconsequential hints of nitrite assorted in with the existent salt, but the other was point 37 per cent nitrite. That one was plenty. A spoonful of that salt contained a spot more that half a grain. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I went over to the infirmary Thursday forenoon, # 8221 ; Dr. Pellitteri said. # 8220 ; Greenberg wanted me to look into the tabular array salt angle with the work forces. They could bind the instance up neatly for us. I drew a space. They # 8217 ; d been discharged the dark before, and God merely knew where they were. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Naturally, # 8221 ; Dr. Greenberg said, # 8220 ; it would hold been nice to cognize for a fact that the old boys all Saturday at a certain tabular array and that all of them put about a spoonful of salt from that peculiar shaker on their burgoo, but it wasn # 8217 ; t indispensable. I was morally certain that they had. There merely wasn # 8217 ; t any other account. There was one other inquiry, nevertheless. Why did they utilize so much salt? For my ain peace of head, I wanted to cognize. All of a sudden, I remembered Pellitteri had said they were heavy drinkers. Well, several recent clinical surveies have demonstrated that there is normally a subnormal concentration of Na chloride in the blood of alkies. Either they don # 8217 ; t eat adequate to acquire sufficient salt or they lose it more quickly than other people do, on both. Whatever the grounds are, the decision was al1 I needed. Any animate being, you know, whether a mouse or a adult male, tends to seek to obtai n a necessary substance that his organic structure lacks. The concluding inquiry had been answered. # 8221 ;

All Quite On The Western Front essays

All Quite On The Western Front essays The novel, All Quiet on the Western Front depicts the lives of a group of German soldiers during the 1st World War. It is told from the perspective of a young German soldier called Paul Bamer whose very experience shows the changes brought about in his life and the world around him. During the course of the war, Paul develops broadly, changing from a young, innocent boy into a rather ironic veteran of war. The story compromises of three main themes that Paul portrays from his perspective. Brothers in Arms, the True Horror in War and the Lost Generation. The theme of Brothers in Arms is about the relationship of soldiers with one another. Their closeness to each other and being around for one another whenever one is in need. Early on in the novel, Paul describes as comradeship being the best thing to ever have aroused from the war and the novel portrays this theme pretty much in all the chapters right through to the end until Kat dies. When Paul kills Gerard Duval, he is shocked with what he has done and begins to lose himself in his thoughts. He empathizes towards him and says. Forgive me, comrade, how could you be my enemy? If we threw these uniforms and weapons away you could be just as much my brother as Kat and Albert." (Chapter 9). This shows Pauls feelings towards the enemy as Paul was even ready to call them brothers. When Paul and his comrades are sent to the artillery lines for the wiring fatigue, an incident occurs in which Paul writes, Beside us lies a fair-headed recruit in utter terror. He has buried his face in his hands, his helmet has fallen off. I fish hold of it and try to put it back on his head. He looks up, pushes the helmet off and like a child creeps under my arm, his head close to my breast. The little shoulders heave. Shoulders just like Kemmerichs. I let him be. So that the helmet should be of some use I sti...

Democracy in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democracy in America - Essay Example After the 9/11 attack, a threat of terrorism has spread over the nation of United States. After 9/11 president bush made drastic decision of starting a highly controversial war against terrorism of which half the American population is doubtful. According to a survey Kenneth Janda, Jeffrey M. Berry, Jerry Goldman (2008) 54% of the American population did not supported the war on Iraq and American government is facing a challenge of lack of confidence by the citizens. A survey showed that American citizen’s trust has fallen from the government in recent years. Now it is up to the newly elected president Barrack Obama to regain the trust of citizens of America as well as take the war against terrorism in the right direction. However, the civic values that enables the citizens of America to express their views so openly and to be able to criticize their government on what they feel is wrong is a great source of satisfaction for them. It is the power of democracy that such surveys are held so openly and problems are discussed freely that makes us appreciate our constitution. This power is a great asset for American citizens and it rules over all the conflicting issues. American constitution is supreme law of United States, it has been amended 27 times and the first ten amendments are called ‘bills of rights. Out of these 27 amendments, the first amendment is most powerful and influential Angela Roddey Holder (1997). It gives the right of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly and freedom of petition. This is also the backbone of American constitution as well as most liked amendment as it provides the freedom and security to people to raise their voice and make their problems heard. However, excess of something is also not good as sometimes too much freedom can also create problems just like the second amendment that allows the citizens to carry firearms. This is a major threat as the weapons

Inquiring Minds want to know Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Inquiring Minds want to know - Assignment Example The data was further about a single population, readers of publications. Even though many types of longitudinal surveys exist, trend study best identifies the used survey. This survey type identifies a target population from which a sample, at each trial, is selected and analysis conducted at the different times to determine and explain possible difference. The type of study can be conducted over any time gap and may use different participants as well as different researchers (Copper and Schindler, n.d.). Many issues exist to validity and reliability of the applied survey type. Core to the concerns is the flexible scope of trend studies longitudinal surveys that allows for difference in researchers and research participants. Such a difference offers a biased basis for comparing results because of difference in research environments across the research times. The study, for example, sought to determine effectiveness of publication advertising in generating leads and difference in consumers’ response approach to advertisements based on technology changes may offer a biased platform for comparing effectiveness of publication advertising across the considered time points. This means that identified effectiveness of publication advertising in the year 1997 could have been underestimated because of responses by other means other than the considered cards. Availability of free toll lines for customers’ enquiries and availability of web sites from which consumers could make inq uiries and orders, in the year 2007, are examples of changes in the study that undermined reliability and validity of longitudinal survey (The University of Texas, n.d.; Copper and Schindler, n.d.). The survey method is also demanding in terms of resources. It requires time because data collection must consider data from at least two different periods. This further identifies the need for comparison and higher expenses on requirements

Government Provided Health Care Essay Example for Free

Government Provided Health Care Essay For many years, health care cost has risen and challenged many businesses, households, and the government. With the health care cost constantly rising, more and more people become uninsured. There are many approaches to improve the health care system including: Government-provided health care, Private insurer health care, and a mix of both. Although, all the different ways have their perks, government provided stands out. Government provided health care is the best approach because every American citizen will have health insurance, it would simplify the system, all workers will have health care benefits, and it will contain and lower costs more than any other approach. Having every American citizen being provided with health insurance, and eliminating private insurers, will definitely simplify the system. All that would need to be done to jump start government provided health care is to create a single payer system, replace current insurance premiums, lower prices on drugs, and create a universal set of insurance forms to cover everyone. Every American deserves to have access to high quality and affordable health care, no matter what their income situation, employment situation, or medical conditions. With the government provided system, all workers will have health care benefits, and lower costs on health insurance. Workers will have greater freedom and better choices if they dont have to worry about picking a job solely for the health care benefits. Over the years, there has been lots of evidence that shows the single payer system is the best approach to achieving basic health care goals. First, two government offices, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and General Accounting Office Greear 2 (GAO) reached a conclusion that only the single payer plan was likely to save the most money. Second, Medicare claims that the single payer system for  the elderly has lower administrative and overall costs than any other approach thus far. Third, Canada has a single payer system, which has much lower administrative costs than the U.S. System. Health care administration costs in the U.S. In 1999 was over 200 billion, to whereas Canadas was only 159 billion. The single payer system works so well in Canada, its only logical to try the system here. Finally, the government provided, single payer system could achieve cost containment success more readily than any other system with three basic principals. First, this system may make it possible to reduce the administrative costs in the U.S. Second, the single payer system may be able to vigorously attack the market condition, where there is only one buyer, and gain bargaining powers over other providers. Finally, the single payer system could control the overall level of health care resources. All in all, the single payer system is less costly than any other approach and spends a slightly smaller amount of the gross domestic product (GDP) on health, according to Sherry Glied from Columbia University. The differences in system performance among the different coverages are small, but government provided, single payer system has the most distinct difference as far as cost containment and savings. At some point, everyone will need access to health care or treatment, with government provided insurance, that will be taken care of. Work Cited DeGrazia, D. Single Payer Meets Managed Competition. Hastings Center Report 38.1 (2008): 23-33. CINAHL. Web. 22 May 2013. Glied, S. Single Payer As A Financing Mechanism. Journal Of Health Politics, Policy Law 34.4 (2009): 593-615. CINAHL. Web. 22 May 2013. Publicagenda.org-Health Care. Citizens Solutions Guides 2012. Web. 22 May 2013.

History of the Soybean :: Essays Papers

History of the Soybean Before cultivation, wild soybeans grew abundantly in northeast China and Manchuria. As early as 2700 B.C. they were classified as one of the five principal and sacred crops, having both medicinal and food value. They have been cultivated for at least 4,500 years. However, they were not very popular. (They were said to cause flatulence!) During times of bad harvests in China, soybeans were one of the nine staples on which starving millions in the country depended. In the famine of A.D. 194 when the price of millet soared in relation to the price of soybeans, many people were forced to eat soybeans which they often prepared in a gruel called congee. Buddhist monks experimented with soy cultivation and found that flour, milk, curd, and sauce from the soybean all brought necessary additions of protein to their vegetarian diets. They carried the soybean wherever they went as missionaries. By the sixth century A.D. they introduced it into Japan and Korea. When the soybean mixed with the Shinto religion, it quickly became a staple in the Japanese diet. From Japan, soldiers, merchants, and travelers helped to spread the soybean to Vietnam by 200 B.C., and to Thailand by the tenth century A.D. It reached India by the twelfth century, brought there by traders. The bean was slow to reach beyond Asia, however. Although the Spanish and Portuguese traded in East Asia, the soybean was slow to catch on in Europe; it did not fit into the various cuisines of the continent. In 1765, a sailor aboard an East India Company ship that had visited China brought soybeans to the American colonies. By the mid 1800’s the soybean was quickly being disseminated around the globe. During the Civil War, American farmers became interested in cultivating soybeans as a forage plant. This lowered the cost of feeding livestock by replacing the more expensive grass, hay, and corn. At the beginning of the twentieth century, America was trying to feed a population swelling with immigrants. Perhaps the bean that was so high in protein could feed people as well as animals. Soybean cultivation seemed like one way to meet the demand for more food. Following World War II, soybeans became the world’s most important crop. By the end of the war, the United States had become the biggest exporter, growing more than 75% of the world’s soybeans.

Overview of accounting analysis Essay

1. A finance student states, â€Å"I don’t understand why anyone pays any attention  to accounting earnings numbers, given that a ‘clean’ number like cash from operations is readily available.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with the finance student, because net income forecasts future cash flow and is informative. a. Net income forecasts future cash flow better than current cash flow, and does so by recording transactions associated with cash consequences when the transactions occur, rather than when the cash is received or paid. To compute net income, the effects of economic transactions are recorded on the basis of expected, not necessarily actual, cash receipts and payments. b. Net income is informative when corporate managers have better information than outside investors. Corporate managers use accrual rather than cash accounting to prepare financial reporting and determine net income. Since accrual accounting helps managers to record past events and forecast future events, net income gives superior information. 2. Fred argues: â€Å"The standards that I like most are the ones that eliminate all management discretion in reporting – that way I get uniform numbers across all companies and don’t have to worry about doing accounting analysis†. Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with Fred, because the elimination of delegation of reporting to management will create chaos and misinterpretation of financial statements. Corporate managers know how to apply and judge business transactions using the accrual accounting framework. They have inside information and make appropriate judgments to convey that information to investors and forecast future performance. If this discretion is eliminated, managers will be unable to make use of inside information in reported financial statements. However, since investors view profits as a measure of a manager’s performance, some managers have an incentive to use their accounting  discretion to distort reported profits by making biased assumptions. Also, the use of accounting numbers in contracts between the firm and outsiders provides a motivation for management manipulation of accounting numbers. Therefore, the delegation of financial reporting decisions to managers has both costs and benefits. Accounting rules and auditing are mechanisms deigned to reduce the cost and preserve the benefit of delegating financial reporting to corporate managers. 3. Bill Simon says, â€Å"We should get rid of the FASB and SEC, since free market forces will make sure that companies report reliable information.† Do you agree? Why or why not? Free market forces do not make sure that all companies report reliable information. Bill assumes that corporate managers do not disclose unreliable information and that they share inside information with outside investors. In real life, managers disclose false information and investors don’t detect inside information right away. Therefore, FASB and SEC force managers to disclose reliable information and comply reasonably with U.S. GAAP standards. 4. Many firms recognize revenues at the point of shipment. This provides an incentive to accelerate revenues by shipping goods at the end of the quarter. Consider two companies, one of which ships its products evenly throughout the quarter, and the second of which ships all its products in the last two weeks of the quarter. Each company’s customers pay 30 days after receiving shipment. Using accounting ratios, how can you distinguish these companies? Both companies will have the same amount of revenues and expenses in their income statements. However, their balance sheets will show different amounts. At the end of each quarter, the company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter should have higher cash and a lower accounts receivable balance than the company that ships all its products in the last two weeks of the quarter. We can distinguish between these companies using the following accounting  ratios: a. Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = Sales Accounts Receivable The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a higher accounts receivable turnover ratio. b. Accounts Receivable Days Ratio = Accounts Receivable Average Sales per Day The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a lower accounts receivable days ratio. c. Cash Ratio = Cash + Short-Term Investments Current Liabilities The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a higher cash ratio. 5. A. If management reports truthfully, what economic events are likely to prompt the following accounting changes? a. Increase in the estimated life of depreciable assets. If managers find out that the actual life of the depreciable assets lasted longer than was expected, managers will increase the estimated life of depreciable assets. b. Decrease in the uncollectible allowance as a percentage of gross receivables. The firm will decrease the percentage of uncollectable allowance when it receives orders from reliable customers. In contrast, the firm will increase the percentage of uncollectable allowance when it receives orders from unreliable customers. c. Recognition of revenues at the point of delivery, rather than at the point  cash is received. A firm could recognize revenues at the point of delivery rather than at the point of cash receipt when its customer’s credit improves or its customer’s cash payment is not a risk. d. Capitalization of a higher proportion of software R&D costs. A firm will capitalize a higher proportion of software R&D costs when the firm has established the technical and commercial feasibility of the asset for sale or use. For example, technical and commercial feasibility may be established when the firm completes the software and either uses it or sells it and is able to demonstrate how the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits. 5.B. What features of accounting, if any, would make it costly for dishonest managers to make the same changes without any corresponding economic changes? Opinion of third parties. Auditors provide a clean opinion of a firm’s financial statements. If the changes in the accounting policy are reasonably consistent with economic changes, auditors will not provide a clean opinion of the financial statements. Accrual reversal effect. Aggressive capitalization of software R&D expenditures will increase net income in the current period, but the later writing-off of capitalized R&D costs will decrease net income in the following period. Lawsuit. If a firm discloses false financial information and its investor loses because of that information, the firm will pay legal penalties. Labor Market Discipline. The labor market for managers will discipline those who are perceived as unreliable managers in dealing with external parties. 6. The conservatism principle arises because of concerns about management’s incentives to overstate the firm’s performance. Joe Banks argues: â€Å"We could get rid of conservatism and make accounting numbers more useful if we delegated financial reporting to independent auditors, rather than to  corporate managers.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I don’t agree with Joe Banks, because if we delegate financial reporting to independent auditors rather than to corporate managers, we will decrease the quality of financial reporting. Auditors don’t have all the inside information that corporate managers have when the economic reality of the firm is displayed. Furthermore, the way managers and auditors assess a firm is different. Auditors could apply accounting standards to assess business transactions in a mechanical way rather than using their professional judgment, leading to poor quality financial reporting. For example, everybody agrees that market-value accounting provides relevant information; however, auditors are concerned more about the audit liability. 7. A fund manager states: â€Å"I refuse to buy any company that makes a voluntary accounting change, since it’s certainly a case of management trying to hide bad news.† Can you think of any alternative interpretation? Voluntary accounting change could happen because business circumstances have changed in the firm. For example, unusual increases in receivables might be due to changes in a firm’s sales strategy, or unusual decreases in the allowance for uncollectible receivables might be reflecting a change in a firm’s customer focus. Therefore, an analyst should use qualitative information such as the evaluation of the context of the business strategy and economic circumstances, and not deliberately interpret the firm’s accounting change as earnings manipulation. 8. Fair value accounting attempts to make financial information more relevant to financial statement users, at the risk of greater subjectivity. What factors would you examine to evaluate the reliability of fair value assets? We should examine the fair value hierarchy to evaluate the reliability of fair value assets. Level 1 is the most reliable in terms of valuating fair value assets because it is based on quoted prices, like a closing stock price in the Wall Street Journal. Level 2 is the next most reliable and would rely on evaluating similar assets or liabilities in active markets Level 3 is the least reliable level because it requires a good deal of judgment and is based on the best information available (such as a company’s own data or assumptions) to arrive at a relevant and reliable fair value measurement. Financial statement users can trust prices in liquid markets as long as observable inputs such as level 1 and 2 reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities. In level 3, we encounter unobservable inputs.